The ethylene oxide molecule has high strain in its three‑membered ring. It undergoes alkylation reactions and binds to amino, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl and carboxyl groups in microbial proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids. This destroys the structures of proteins and nucleic acids, blocking microbial metabolism and genetic replication. It can irreversibly kill all microorganisms including vegetative bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi and viruses to achieve genuine sterilization rather than mere disinfection.



