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UASB(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed)

UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed) is an anaerobic reactor that integrates a bioreactor and a sedimentation tank.Wastewater enters from the bottom of the reactor and is fully mixed with the high-concentration sludge bed at the bottom of the reactor to achieve efficient biological anaerobic treatment of wastewater.UASB is widely used in the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater. It has a high removal rate of organic pollutants, and can adapt to large load shocks, temperature and pH changes.

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Technical Parameters

Working Principle

Product Advantage

Application

FAQ

Working Principle

UASB reactor mainly consists of inlet water distribution system, reaction zone, three-phase separator, outlet water system, and sludge discharge system.Depending on whether the top of the reactor is sealed, it can be divided into open and closed types.

Wastewater enters from the bottom of the reactor through the water distribution system and flows through the activated sludge bed from bottom to top.In the reaction zone, the wastewater contacts the microorganisms in the sludge and undergoes an anaerobic reaction, producing biogas (mainly methane and carbon dioxide), causing disturbance in the sludge bed.Wastewater, biogas, and part of suspended sludge continue to rise to the three-phase separator to achieve gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation.The treated wastewater is discharged through the effluent system, the biogas is discharged from the reactor through the duct, and the sludge flows back to the anaerobic reaction area by gravity.

Product Features

UASB reactor integrates biological treatment and sedimentation separation. This reactor does not need to set up a separate sedimentation tank or filler, and does not need a stirring device.The rising water flow and the generated biogas can meet the stirring requirements.

Compact structure, simple operation and maintenance
The UASB reactor has a long SRT (sludge retention time) and a short HRT (hydraulic retention time), which enables the reactor to maintain a high sludge concentration to adapt to water quality, water volume, and fluctuations in temperature and pH within a certain range.

Strong anti-shock load capability
The energy consumption of the UASB reactor is only 10-15% of that of the aerobic process. The biogas produced by the anaerobic process can be recycled as energy (such as power generation or heating). The amount of residual sludge is only 5%-20% of that of the aerobic process, and the sludge is highly stable, and the subsequent treatment cost is low.

Low energy consumption and operating costs

Application

Food industry

Food wastewater contains a lot of high-concentration organic matter, such as protein, fat, sugar, etc. The COD concentration in food wastewater is generally as high as 2000mg/L or more.The use of UASB process can improve the biodegradability of wastewater.

Pharmaceutical industry

Pharmaceutical wastewater has complex composition, high chromaticity, high organic matter concentration, difficulty in degradation, and poor biodegradability. It is an industrial wastewater that is difficult to treat.The UASB process can be combined with other processes and is suitable for different types of pharmaceutical wastewater.

Chemical industry

Chemical wastewater is a typical type of wastewater containing high-concentration difficult-to-degrade organic matter. With its high organic load treatment capacity, the UASB process can be used as a pretreatment unit to efficiently remove organic matter in wastewater and reduce the load for subsequent treatment.

Product Operate Guide

Sludge domestication
Key points of operation

Sludge domestication

The difficulty in starting up the UASB equipment is to obtain a large amount of anaerobic granular sludge with good settling performance. Generally, high-quality sludge is inoculated and domesticated. Flocculent sludge with high methane activity and high specific gravity can be inoculated, and a small amount of carrier is added to promote the attachment of anaerobic bacteria.
Key points of operation

(1) Add enough inoculum sludge at one time to cover about 1/3 of the volume of the bottom of the reactor;
(2) Use a higher surface hydraulic load in the initial stage. The light sludge flowing out of the sludge bed can be discharged directly, and the remaining heavy sludge proliferates in the sludge bed and gradually reaches granulation;
(3) The initial sludge load rate is generally around 0.1-0.2 kgCOD/(kgTSS·d);
(4) The temperature is controlled at medium temperature (30-38°C) or high temperature (50-55°C), and the inlet pH is controlled in the range of 6.5-7.5;
(4) When the COD removal rate reaches 70%-80%, the organic load and volume load can be gradually increased;
(5) The minimum empty tower velocity in the reaction zone cannot be less than 1m/d,
(6) A higher surface hydraulic load is used at the initial start-up.

FAQs

Design principles of the water inlet distribution system:

(1) Ensure that the water inlet volume of each unit area is basically the same to prevent short circuit or uneven surface load;
(2) Meet the hydraulic stirring requirements as much as possible to ensure that the organic matter in the inlet water and the sludge are quickly mixed;
(3) The blockage of the water inlet pipe is easy to observe and can be easily cleared when it occurs.
Causes of sludge loss:

If the reactor rise velocity is too high or the sludge is not granulated, it may cause sludge loss. It is recommended to reduce the water inlet flow rate, reduce the rise velocity, and extend the HRT.
Causes of sludge swelling:

When the wastewater contains too much protein or oil, it causes the reproduction of filamentous bacteria and sludge swelling. The C/N ratio in the inlet water can be adjusted by adding defoaming agent.

UASB(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed)

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